Machiningperformance is not only related to the interests of enterprises, but also related to safety. While bringing economic benefits to enterprises, it can also effectively reduce the probability of occurrence of security incidents. Therefore, it is especially important to avoid deformation of parts during part machining. The operator needs to consider various factors and take corresponding measures during the processing to prevent the occurrence of deformation so that the finished parts can be used normally. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to analyze the causes of the deformation west phenomenon in the part processing, and find reliable measures for the part deformation problem, in order to lay a solid foundation for the realization of the modern enterprise strategic goals.
1 Analysis of the causes of deformation during machining of mechanical parts
1.1 Internal force causes the machining accuracy of parts to change
When lathe machining, it is usually the use of centripetal force to clamp the parts with the three-claw or four-jaw chuck of the lathe, and then machine the mechanical parts. At the same time, in order to ensure that the part does not loosen when the force is applied and the internal radial force is reduced, the clamping force must be made larger than the mechanical cutting force. The clamping force increases as the cutting force increases, and decreases with decreasing. This kind of operation can make the mechanical parts stable during the processing. However, after the three-jaw or four-jaw chuck is loosened, the machined parts will be far from the original ones, some appear polygonal, some appear elliptical, and there is a large deviation.
1.2 Deformation problem easily after heat treatment
For sheet-like mechanical parts, since the long diameter is very large, the straw cap is likely to be bent after heat treatment. On the one hand, there will be a phenomenon of bulging in the middle, the plane deviation is increased, and on the other hand, due to various external factors, the parts are bent. These deformation problems are not only caused by changes in the internal stress of the parts after heat treatment, but also the professional knowledge of the operators is not solid, and the structural stability of the parts is not well understood, thereby increasing the probability of deformation of the parts.
1.3 Elastic deformation caused by external force
There are several main reasons for the elastic deformation of parts during machining. First, if the internal structure of some parts contains thin sheets, there will be higher requirements on the operation method. Otherwise, when the operator positions and clamps the parts, it cannot correspond to the design of the drawings, which is easy to cause elastic deformation. produce. The second is the unevenness of the lathe and the clamp, so that the forces on both sides of the parts are not uniform when the fixing is performed, and the side with a small force applied during the cutting will be deformed by the force under the action of the force. Third, the positioning of the parts during the processing is unreasonable, so that the rigidity of the parts is reduced. Fourth, the existence of cutting force is also one of the causes of elastic deformation of parts. The elastic deformation caused by these different reasons indicates the influence of external force on the machining quality of mechanical parts.
